How to Learn Articles in English Grammar in Hindi?

English bolte waqt baaton ko meaningful aur easy banane ke liye articles ka use kiya jata hai, aur articles English grammar ka bahut important part hote hain. Isliye English grammar mein articles ka use bahut hi dhyaan se karna chahiye. Articles ka use English bolne, padhne, aur likhne mein hota hai, aur iske saath-saath sentence ke meanings ke basis par articles ka pronunciation bhi badalta rehta hai. Articles ko seekhe bina aap English grammar nahi seekh payenge, kyunki articles English grammar mein ek major role play karte hain. Aaj hum discuss karenge how to learn articles in English grammar in Hindi.

What are Articles?

English grammar mein articles vo words hote hain, jo noun se pehle lagkar noun ki importance ko represent ya define karte hain. Simple words mein, English grammar mein articles, noun ko define karne ka kaam karte hai. ‘A’, ‘An’, aur ‘The’ English grammar mein use hone wale teen articles hain. Articles adjectives ki tarah kaam karte hain, isliye inhe noun se pehle use kiya jata hai, jisse statement simple aur effective ho sake. Better understanding ke liye, let’s take examples:

I saw a beautiful lady yesterday.
I saw Amit with an old man.
My father bought a car yesterday.
The bags of this brand in India are costly.

How to Pronounce Articles?

English grammar mein articles ko sahi tarah se pronounce karna bahut important hota hai, kyunki articles ke pronunciation par sentence ka meaning depend karta hai. Agar pronunciation galat hua toh sentence ka meaning poori tarah se badal jaata hai. English grammar mein jitna zaruri articles ke baare mein seekhna hai, utna hi zaruri articles ko sahi tarah se pronounce karna bhi hai. Articles ko pronounce karne ke do form hote hain, weak form and strong form.

Weak form mein,

‘A’ को ‘अ‘ कहते है।
‘An’ को ‘ऐन‘ कहते है।
‘The’ को ‘द‘ कहते है।

Strong form mein,

‘A’ को ‘ए‘ कहते है।
‘An’ को ‘एन‘ कहते है।
‘The’ को ‘दि‘ कहते है।

Articles ko unke sahi form mein pronounce karne ke liye kuchh basic rules hai, jaise

Agar koi word consonant se shuru hota hai, aur usse pehle ‘the’ lagta hai, toh uska pronunciation ‘द‘ hoga.
Agar koi word vowel se shuru hota hai, aur usse pehle ‘the’ lagta hai, toh uska pronunciation ‘दि‘ hoga.
Generally English grammar mein articles ko unke weak form mein hi pronounce kiya jata hai.
Agar ‘the’ ke baad aane wale word par special emphasis dena hai, toh vahan ‘the’ ko uske strong form yaniki ‘दि‘ se pronounce kiya jata hai.

Position of articles

Articles ki positioning following basis par hoti hai;

Generally, articles ka use noun se pehle kiya jaata hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein ek se jyada nouns hai, toh har noun se pehle articles ka use kiya jaata hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein ek se jyada nouns ya adjectives ek hi insaan ke baare mein hain, toh sirf pehle noun ke aage article lagta hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein ek se jyada nouns ya adjectives, ek se jyada person ya objects ke baare mein batate hain, toh har ek noun ya adjective ke aage articles lagta hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein noun ke saath adjective hai, toh article ka use adjective se pehle kiya jaata hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein noun ke saath adjective aur adverb dono hai, toh article ka use adverb se pehle kiya jata hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein, noun ya pronoun se pehle adverb ya adjective hai, toh ‘a’ or ‘an’ article ka use sabse paas wale word ke basis par kiya jata hai.
Kuch words jaise, ‘many’, ‘such’ aur ‘what’ se pehle articles ka use nahi hota hai. Sentence mein article ka use inn words ke baad kiya jata hai.
Agar kisi sentence mein adjective se pehle ‘so’, ya ‘too’ aata hai, toh article ka use adjective se pehle bhi kiya ja sakta hai, aur baad mein bhi.
Agar kisi sentence mein adjective se pehle ‘as’ ya ‘how’ aata hai, toh article ka use adjective ke baad kiya jata hai.

Types of Articles

Use ke basis par articles ke do types hote hain, definite articles aur indefinite articles.

1. Indefinite Articles

Indefinite articles are articles that represent the state of the noun as indefinite. These articles are used with singular countable nouns, and ‘A’ and ‘An’ are the indefinite articles used with these nouns.

Indefinite article वो हैं जो noun के state को indefinite तरीके से represent करते हैं। इन articles का इस्तेमाल singular countable noun के साथ किया जाता है, और ‘ A ‘ और ‘An’ indefinite articles हैं जिनका इस्तेमाल nouns के साथ किया जाता है।

Use of the Indefinite Articles

indefinite articles ka use in following conditions mein kiya jata hai, jaise

‘A’ or ‘An’ ka use singular countable noun se pehle kiya jaata hai,

Example: Siya has a playstation.

Sentence mein agar kisi word ke pronunciation ka first sound vowel hai toh uske aage ‘an’ ka use hota hai.

Example: Amit gave me an hour to complete it.

Sentence mein agar kisi word ke pronunciation ka first sound vowel nahi hai toh uske aage ‘a’ ka use hota hai.

Example: Monika has a beautiful dress.

She bought a dress.

She is eating an apple.

Use of A

Given below are the different cases, where the article ‘a’ is used in a sentence,

यहाँ अलग अलग cases बताये गए हैं, जहाँ sentence में ‘a’ का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है,

Situation 1 – ‘A’ is used for those words whose first sound of pronunciation is consonant. (उन शब्दों में ‘a’ का इस्तेमाल होता है जिनका first sound of pronunciation consonant होता है.)

Examples: a car, a mango, a joker, a butterfly, etc.

Situation 2 – ‘A’ is used for those words whose first letter may be a vowel, but their first sound of pronunciation is consonant. (जिन शब्दों का पहला letter भले ही vowel हो, लेकिन उनका first sound of pronunciation consonant होता है, वहां ‘a’ का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है.)

Example: a unique personality, a useful bag, etc.

Situation 3 – ‘A’ is used for those singular nouns that start with ‘e’ or ‘eu’, but their first sound of pronunciation is a consonant ‘y’. (उन singular nouns के लिए, जो ‘e’ या ‘eu’ से शुरू होते हैं, लेकिन उनका first sound of pronunciation consonant ‘ य‘ होता है, वहां ‘a’ लगता है.)

Example: a united effort, a university graduate, a union of students, etc.

Situation 4 – ‘A’ is used to determine the quantity of one in a numeric sense. (Numeric sense में जब एक इंसान या एक चीज़ के बारे में बताना होता है, वहां ‘a’ लगता है.)

Example: 12 bananas make a dozen.

365 days make a year.

Situation 5 – ‘A’ is used before a single countable noun to represent a person or thing. (किसी भी इंसान या चीज़ को represent करने के लिए, single countable noun से पहले ‘a’ लगता है.)

Example: A woman was walking down the bridge.

A boy was playing the piano.

Situation 6 – ‘A’ is used when the uncountable noun is used as a countable noun. ‘A’ is used when the abstract noun is used as a kind of quality. (जब किसी quality के form में abstract noun का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है, वहां ‘a’ लगता है ।)

Example: Reena has a working knowledge of physics.

Rohit has a fear of heights.

Situation 7 – ‘A’ is used to represent a quantity in certain expressions. ‘A’ is used with certain numbers and fractions like 1/3, and ¼, as well. (किसी भी quantity को expressions की तरह दिखाने के लिए, वहां ‘a’ का इस्तेमाल होता है. कुछ numbers और fractions जैसे 1/3, 1/4 के साथ ‘a’ लगाया जाता है।)

Example: a thousand rupees note, a dozen bananas, a quarter, a fourth, etc.

Situation 8 – ‘A’ is used in a possessive case when there is a common noun before the noun. (जब किसी possessive case में noun से पहले common noun लगता है, वहां ‘a’ का use होता है।)

Example: This is a boys’ school.

This is a woman’s dress.

Situation 9 – ‘A’ is used when a common noun is used in the sense of a proper noun. (जब किसी common noun को एक proper noun की तरह इस्तेमाल किया जाता है, वहां ‘a’ लगाया जाता है.)

Example: A very wise man became the president.

Situation 10 – When there is no information given about a person, ‘A’ is used before Mr./ Miss/ Mrs.+ surname. (जब किसी भी इंसान की कोई information न दी गयी हो, तो Mr./ Miss/ Mrs.+ surname से पहले ‘a’ लगता है.)

Example: A Mr. Saxena met me in the morning.

A Miss Khan lives on my street.

Situation 11 – ‘A’ is used to identify a person based on the qualities of some great personality. (जब एक इंसान को qualities के basis पर किसी महान हस्ती के नाम से identify करते हैं, वहां ‘a’ का use होता है.)

Example: He is a Kalam of tomorrow.

He is a Michael Jackson of popping.

Situation 12 – ‘A’ is used before a proper noun to represent an unknown person. However, in general cases, the article ‘an’ or ‘a’ are not used before proper nouns. (किसी अनजान इंसान को represent करने के लिए, proper noun से पहले ‘a’ लगता है. लेकिन general cases में proper noun से पहले ‘a’ या ‘an’ नहीं लगता है.)

Example: This research paper is written by a Ramesh.

This software is developed by a Stephen.

Situation 13 – ‘A’ is used before a singular countable noun if there is an expression of exclamation in the sentence. (जब किसी भी sentence में हैरानी का expression हो, तो singular countable noun से पहले ‘a’ लगाया जाता है.)

Example: What a beautiful red dress!

This is such a tall building.

Situation 14 – ‘A’ is used before the name of color if it is used as an adjective with the countable noun. (जब किसी colour को countable noun के साथ adjective की तरह इस्तेमाल किया जाता है, वहां color के नाम से पहले ‘a’ लगता है.)

Example: I have a black dress.

He has a brown pair of shoes.

List of some words before which ‘a’ is always used

कुछ शब्द जिनके साथ हमेशा ‘a’ लगता है.

A united front
A unique decision
A forest officer
A member of parliament
A B.A.
A usage
A unique decision.
A novel
A house
A historical
A young man
A university
A one-rupee note, etc.

Some phrases before which ‘a’ is always used

कुछ phrases जिनके साथ हमेशा ‘a’ लगता है.

To take a fancy
To take a liking to
In a nutshell
Make a foot
In a fix
Go for a walk
Keep a secret
Have a good education
Make a fool
Tell a lie
A matter of choice
Half a kilo
As a rule
To make a noise
To run a temperature, etc.

Use of An

Given below are the different cases, where the article ‘an’ is used in a sentence.

यहाँ अलग अलग cases बताये गए हैं, जहाँ sentence में ‘an’ का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है।

Situation 1 – ‘An’ is used when words have their first letter and the first sound of pronunciation as vowels. (जब किसी शब्द का पहला letter और first sound of pronunciation vowel हो, तो वहां ‘an’ लगता है.)

Example: She is eating an apple.

I saw an elephant on the safari.

Situation 2 – ‘An’ is used when words have their first letter as a consonant, but their first sound of pronunciation is a vowel. (जब किसी शब्द का पहला letter consonant हो, और उसका first sound of pronunciation vowel हो, तो वहां ‘an’ लगता है.)

Example: Ramesh is an honest man.

Vikas is an MLA.

List of some words before which ‘an’ is always used

कुछ शब्द जिनके साथ हमेशा ‘an’ लगता है.

An MP
An honest
An MLA
An FIR
An X-ray
An heir
An M.A./ M.Com., etc.
An IAS/ IPS/ IFS, etc.
An hour, etc.

Some phrases before which ‘an’ is always used

कुछ phrases जिनके साथ हमेशा ‘an’ लगता है.

To take an interest
To keep an eye
To cost an arm, etc.

Where not to use A/ An?

Given below are the conditions where ‘a’ or ‘an’ should not be used.

यहाँ कुछ conditions दी गयी हैं, जहां ‘a’ और ‘an’ का use नहीं करना है.

Situation 1 – Do not use ‘a’ or ‘an’ before any plural noun. (किसी भी plural noun से पहले ‘a’ या ‘an’ का use न करें.)

Example: Rehan has many dogs.

Seema gave chocolates to poor kids.

Situation 2 – Do not use ‘a’ or ‘an’ before any proper noun. (किसी भी proper noun से पहले ‘a’ या ‘an’ का use न करें.)

Example: He is going to meet Aman.

Sneha will visit me on Saturday.

Situation 3 – Generally, ‘a’ or ‘an’ is not used before the uncountable noun. (ज़्यादातर uncountable noun से पहले ‘a’ और ‘an’ का use नहीं किया जाता है. )

Example: I am happy with her progress.

She gave him all the information.

Situation 4 – Whenever in a sentence, the inchoative verb ‘turn’ is used with the noun, do not use ‘a’ or ‘an’. Inchoative verbs are verbs that represent a process of becoming or beginning. (जब भी किसी sentence में noun के साथ inchoative verb ‘turn’ का use होता है, तो वहां use ‘a’ या ‘an’ का use नहीं किया जाता है. Inchoative verb वो verb होते हैं, जो किसी चीज़ के शुरू होने या बनने के process को दिखाते हैं.)

Example: Is it worth it for a cruel leader to turn president?

Is it deserving for Raj to turn the company’s head?

2. Definite Article

In English grammar, definite articles are articles that refer to a definite person, place, or thing. ‘The’ is a definite article that is used to refer to the noun as a specific person, place, or thing.

Definite Articles वो articles होते हैं, जो किसी definite इंसान, जगह, और चीज़ के बारे में बताते हैं. ‘The’ एक definite article है, जो किसी specific इंसान, जगह, और चीज़ के लिए use होता है.

Example: The world is suffering from global warming.

The trees are protecting the soil from erosion.

Use of the Article ‘The’

Given below are the conditions where ‘the’ is used in a sentence.

यहाँ कुछ conditions दी गयी हैं, जहाँ ‘the’ का use होता है.

Situation 1 – The’ is used before a singular countable noun if they represent the whole class or category. (अगर कोई singular countable noun कोई category या class represent करता है, तो उस noun से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The cow gives us milk.

The snake is a poisonous reptile.

Situation 2 – ‘The’ can be used before any singular, plural, or gender. (किसी भी singular, plural और किसी gender से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The boys are planning for the Manali trip.

The days become shorter in winter.

Situation 3 – ‘The’ is used before those adjectives that are used as nouns. (जिन adjectives का use noun की तरह होता है, उन adjectives से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: Akbar, the great, was a Mughal Emperor.

Alexander, the great, was a powerful ruler.

Situation 4 – ‘The’ is used in an anaphoric sense, i.e., if the countable noun is mentioned only once, ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used, but if they are mentioned twice, ‘the’ is used before them. (‘the’ का use anaphoric sense में होता है, यानिकि अगर किसी countable noun का जिक्र एक बार हुआ है, तो वहां ‘a’ or ‘an’ का use होगा. लेकिन अगर किसी countable noun का जिक्र एक से ज्यादा बार हुआ है, तो वहां ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: I have a dress. The dress is gorgeous.

Rani has a cat. The cat is fluffy.

Situation 5 – ‘The’ is used before any superlative degree. (किसी भी superlative degree से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The cheetah is the fastest animal.

The lion is a dangerous animal.

Situation 6 – ‘The’ is used for comparison with the ‘same’. (‘same’ शब्द के साथ के comparison में ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: This is the same video game that Ravi wanted.

She has the same car as mine.

Situation 7 – ‘The’ is used with a common noun to give the same sense as ‘same’. (‘same’ शब्द के sense में common noun के साथ ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: This is the car that I wanted.

This is the PlayStation that her son wanted.

Situation 8 – ‘The’ is used in the parallel construction of comparative degrees. (Comparative degree के parallel construction में ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: the sooner, the better.

The more you practice, the better you become.

Situation 9 – ‘The’ is used before comparative degree, if ‘of the two’ is used with them. (अगर comparative degree के साथ ‘of the two’ लगता है, तो ‘the’ comparative degree से पहले लगता है.)

Example: Riya is the brighter of the two.

He is the better player of the two others.

Situation 10 – ‘The’ is used after ‘all’, ‘both’, or ‘half’. However, if ‘all’, ‘both’, and ‘half’ are used before a noun, then ‘the’ is used just before a noun. (‘all’, ‘both और half’ के बाद ‘the’ का use होता है. अगर ‘all’, ‘both और half’ का use noun से पहले होता है, तो ‘the’ noun से तुरंत पहले लगता है.)

Example: Both the daughters are doctors.

He wanted all the chocolates.

Situation 11 – ‘The’ is used before the word ‘whole’. (‘whole’ शब्द से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The whole world stands united against covid- 19.

The whole community organized a rally.

Situation 12 – ‘The’ is used before the dates of the month. (किसी भी महीने की date से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: Diksha was born on the 24th of November.

They organized an event on the 2nd of February.

Situation 13 – If ‘every’, ‘next’, or ‘last’ is not used before morning, evening, and afternoon, in that case, ‘the’ is used before them. (अगर morning, evening, and afternoon से पहले ‘every’, ‘next’ या ‘last’ जैसे शब्दों का use नहीं होता है, तो वहां ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The morning is the best time for exercise.

I will meet her in the evening.

Situation 14 – ‘The’ is used before the ordinal numbers. (Ordinal numbers से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The 10th chapter of the book talks about magnetism.

She is the second topper in the class.

Situation 15 – ‘The’ is used before the sky. ( ‘sky’ से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है. )

Example: The sky is painted red.

Look at the beautiful sky.

Situation 16 – ‘The’ is used before geographical directions like east, west, north, and south. (Geographical directions जैसे east, west, north, and south से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: Bangladesh lies to the east of India.

Her university is towards the west.

Situation 17 – ‘The’ is used before ‘environment’. (‘environment’ शब्द से पहले, ‘the’ का use होता है. )

Example: Activists are working towards protecting the environment.

One must not pollute the environment.

Situation 18 – ‘The’ is used before the unique things. (किसी भी खास चीज़ से पहले, ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The moon is the natural satellite of the earth.

Our solar system belongs to the milky way galaxy.

Situation 19 – ‘The’ is used before the names of seas and oceans. (किसी भी sea और ocean से पहले, ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world.

The Arabian Sea lies in the west part of India.

Situation 20 – ‘The’ is used before a group of islands and mountain ranges. (किसी भी group of islands और mountain ranges से पहले, ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Aravallis are the oldest range of mountains.

The Himalayas are in the north of India.

Situation 21 – ‘The’ is used before canals, deserts, valleys, winds, and gulfs. (किसी भी canal, desert, valley, wind, gulf के नाम से पहले, ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Suez Canal is used for transportation purposes.

The Thar desert is in Rajasthan.

Situation 22 – ‘The’ is used before ‘space’ if it is used in the sense of a place. (अगर ‘space’ का use किसी जगह के बारे में बताने के लिए होता है, तो वहां ‘the’ लगता है.)

Example: The space is empty for her masterpiece.

I have emptied the space for the guests.

Situation 23 – ‘The’ is used before the holy books. (किसी भी holy book के नाम से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Bhagavad Gita is the holy book of the Hindu community.

The Quran speaks the language of Allah.

Situation 24 – ‘The’ is used before the countries having a plural name. ( जिन देशों का नाम plural form में होता है, वहां ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Netherlands, The West Indies, etc.

Situation 25 – ‘The’ is used before famous buildings, historical monuments, and historical events. (किसी भी मशहूर buildings, historical monuments, and historical events के नाम से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Golden Temple is in Amritsar.

Situation 26 – ‘The’ is used before the name of newspapers, and periodicals. (किसी भी newspaper और periodical के नाम से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Indian Express is an English newspaper.

The Jansatta is a Hindi newspaper.

Situation 27 – ‘The’ is used before the name of the ships. (किसी भी जहाज़ के नाम से पहले ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The Titanic, The USS Arizona, etc.

Situation 28 – ‘The’ is used with the country name, if Kingdom, States, or Republic is used with them. (अगर किसी देश के नाम के साथ Kingdom, States, or Republic लगता है, तो वहां ‘the’ का use होता है.)

Example: The United States of India, The Republic of India, etc.

Where not to use ‘the’

Given below are the conditions where ‘the’ is not used in a sentence.

यहाँ कुछ conditions दी गयी हैं, जहाँ ‘the’ का use नहीं किया जाता

Situation 1 – ‘The’ is not used before man or woman. However, comprehensively, ‘the’ can be used in a sentence. (Man और woman से पहले ‘the’ का use नहीं होता है लेकिन जब man और woman एक ग्रुप को represent करते हैं, तो वहां ‘the’ का use हो सकता है.)

Example: Man is the only living creature to use fire in early life.

Women share equal rights as men.

Situation 2 – ‘The’ is not used before cardinal numbers like one, two, six, etc. (Cardinal numbers से पहले ‘the’ का use नहीं होता है.)

Example: One should not tell lies.

This group has four people.

Situation 3 – If the name of the place is linked with the direction, ‘the’ is not used. (अगर किसी दिशा के साथ जगह का नाम भी जुड़ा है, तो वहां ‘the’ का use नहीं होता है. )

Example: Mizoram is in eastern India.

Idli sambhar is a specialty of South India.

Situation 4 – ‘The’ is not used before eastern, western, northern, and southern. (eastern, western, northern, and, southern direction से पहले ‘the’ use नहीं होता.)

Examples: The Himalayas are in northern part of India.

Eastern India experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoon.

Learning Exercise

Choose the correct articles to be used in the sentence, and practice what you have learned.

This is ___ beautiful car. (a/ the)
She is eating ____ apple. (an/ the)
The school is organizing a rally to protect ___ environment. (an/ the)
She is ___ brightest student of all. (a/ the)
Jack is ___ European. (a/ an).
Ramesh sold ___ whole crate of milk. (the/ a)
___ day you know the truth, you will realize your mistake. (a/ the)
Neha invited me to ___ dinner party at her house. (a/ the)

Answers

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October 14, 2022